Blog · Category
The controls that keep money moving safely: approvals, separation of duties, audit trails and month-end.
Finance Operations and Controls
A chart of accounts is the list of buckets every naira is sorted into. How to structure one, number it, decide the right level of detail, and avoid the mistakes that make reports useless.
Finance Operations and Controls
What the general ledger and trial balance are, how journal entries feed them, and what a trial balance that refuses to balance is really telling you. With a worked month for a Lagos business.
Finance Operations and Controls
Who raises, who reviews, and when a final approval is needed. Five decisions that give you an invoice approval process which catches errors without slowing billing down.
Finance Operations and Controls
A month-end close checklist for small finance teams: what to reconcile, what to accrue, what to review and who owns each step, in the order that stops rework.
Finance Operations and Controls
A payment voucher is the single document that says who asked, who approved, who was paid, how much and why. What it should record, the five stages from request to payment, and how to handle VAT, WHT and returned requests.
Finance Operations and Controls
No one person should raise, approve and pay the same transaction. How separation of duties works in a five-person finance team, where it usually breaks, and the honest compromises when you don't have enough people.
Finance Operations and Controls
An approval workflow decides who checks what before money moves. Here's how one is built, with worked examples for invoices, vouchers, payroll and staff loans.
Finance Operations and Controls
An audit trail records who did what, and when. Why it matters for fraud, tax queries and disputes, what a good one captures, and what it can't prove on its own.
